The origins of Cinderella are as numerous as the
versions of Cinderella; however, most
sources agree the first Cinderella story
was recorded by the Greek historian Strabo entitled “Rhodopis” originated in
Egypt and was written by Herodotus. In this Egyptian tale Rhodopis, a beautiful
young woman, was bathing one day an eagle swooped down and stole her sandal dropping
it in the lap of king in Memphis. He was so smitten by the “beautiful shape of
the sandal and the strangeness of the occurrence,” he had his men seek her out
(Tatar 146). She was then brought before him, became his wife, and when she
died she was held in much honor. Some version of Cinderella can be found in almost every culture and country in the
world, in fact, according to the Sur La Lune Fairy Tales website, “Sources
disagree about how many versions of the tale exist, with numbers conservatively
ranging from 345 to over 1,500” (Heiner).
Another version of Cinderella is found in ancient Chinese
culture was entitled Yeh-Shen which
was believed to be written in 856-860 A.D. (Heiner). In 1697 Charles Perrault
published a collection of stories which included Cinderella or The Glass
Slipper
upon which many people have
based their idea of Cinderella. Perrault introduced the pumpkin coach, the
fairy godmother, and the infamous glass slippers. His influence on this
fairytale still has an impact on the modern interpretations presents in movies,
poetry, and art. “His fairy godmother, pumpkin carriage, and glass slippers
have inspired countless renditions of the tale in print, theatre, music, and
art since its publication” (Heiner). In this story of Cinderella, she is very
docile and compliant observing all the social graces expected of young people
in Perrault’s period of history. Cinderella even forgives her step sisters for
all the ill treatment they heaped upon her and forms matches to prominent
husbands for her step sisters.
The Brothers Grimm tale of Cinderella was published in 1812
and is quite a deviation from the happily ever after version submitted by
Perrault. The name Aschenputtel or Cinderella in this German story was derived
from the prefix “aschen-“ which implies that this character was a sibling who
was denigrated into a subservient position within the household (Tartar 119). In
their Cinderella, the main character
is “the quintessential innocent, persecuted heroine who moves from rags and a
state of squalor to riches” (Tartar 119). In the end however, Cinderella has
her revenge when the step sister have their eyes pecked out by birds upon
entering and exiting the church where Cinderella is married.
Since these two definitive adaptations of the story were
published countless versions have been created in countries and cultures
throughout the world. Another turning point in the development of this
fairytale was Walt Disney’s movie version in 1950. Disney interpreted the story
more from the Perrault version rather than the Grimm. In his version of Cinderella, Disney wanted
audiences to be entertained and be able to relate to in a personal way. He had
many struggles in his life and career and many people felt he related to
fairytales and the characters of fairytales because of that fact. Ilene Woods,
who voiced and sand as Cinderella in Disney’s 1950 movie, shared this about
Walt’s feelings about the fairytale of Cinderella: "I think it was the rags-to-riches tale," she
speculated. "Of course, then I didn't know how many times Walt had risked
it all to realize his dreams” (Susman). In a line from the movie, the character
of Cinderella sums it up, “No
matter how your heart is grieving, if you keep on believing, the dream that you
wish will come true.” – Cinderella (Ohmydisney).
A common thread in the
various Cinderella stories is a young
orphaned girl in a desperate situation, an evil antagonist, and an opportunity
to escape from her dreary daily existence through the clever use of wit, magic,
and a piece of life transforming clothing. Since so many versions and adaptations
of this fairy tale exist there are two different classifications given on the
Aarne-Thompson-Uther index; AT510A Cinderella,
and AT510B The Dress of Gold, Silver, and
of Stars. The AT510A category is more closely related to the Charles
Perrault version which most readers are familiar and comfortable in which the
orphaned Cinderella endures mistreatment by her step-mother and step-sisters,
but eventually overcomes her situation via a perfect fitting slipper. In
contrast the AT510B category is dominated by versions that emphasize a tale
with Oedipal influences and murderous plots by the step-mother. Is it any
wonder that this fairytale has been told, retold, and imagined into almost
every art form possible?
Modern versions of this tale range from a television series
featuring the characters, Once Upon a
Time; a musical by Stephen Sodheim, Into
the Woods; Rodgers and Hammerstein’s
musical for television; the movie Mary
Poppins with Julie Andrews; and numerous television and movie versions that
followed. Yet another version of this tale is Ella Enchanted starring Anne Hathaway was a version I did enjoy
because this Cinderella was rather rebellious by wanting to make her own decisions
and control her own destiny even though she was controlled by a magic spell of
obedience. This was a refreshing change from the ever docile and compliant
version of Perrault. Another film I would mention for the sake of the fairytale
aspect is Ever After starring Drew
Barrymore, while this film may not have been the best received, I think some
aspects of the film are worth discussion. The character of Cinderella is head
strong, stands up for herself and others she feels are being abused, and attempts
to live her life with a positive attitude, which are behaviors I think we could
all emulate. So many versions of this fairytale have been produced most people
could find one of their own to enjoy and feel a connection. That is the beauty
of this fairytale.
Bibliography
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Girl, A Shoe, A Prince: The Endlessly Evolving Cinderella." NPR.
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Things You Never Knew About Disney's 'Cinderella'." AOL Moviefone. Moviefone, 15 Feb. 2015. Web. 15 Apr.
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